Cutar sankarau: Iri, Dalilin, Alamun, Dalilin Hadarin, Matsaloli, Rigakafi da Jinya

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Bincike daban-daban da aka kafa a Indiya sun danganta cutar sankarau a matsayin daya daga cikin dalilan da ke haifar da mutuwar yara kanana ‘yan kasa da shekaru 5. A shekarar 2012, Gwamnatin Indiya ta gabatar da allurar rigakafin Pentavalent a cikin shirin rigakafi na Duniya (UIP) a duk fadin kasar kuma ta mamaye kasar baki daya. by shekarar 2017.

Kodayake yaduwar cutar sankarau ya ragu, amma har yanzu akwai bukatar a ci gaba da sa ido don tantance hanyoyin da ke kunshe da maganin kwayoyin cuta da rarrabawa a kasar. Karanta don sanin cutar da ke addabar alumma, musabbabinta da hanyoyin rigakafin ta.

Menene Cutar Sankarau?

Cutar sankarau cuta ce da ke haifar da kumburin membran da ke kewaye da lakar ta baya da kwakwalwa. Jarirai, yara, matasa da manya duk na iya kamuwa da cutar sankarau, kodayake nau'in cutar sankarau na da bambanci da yawan shekaru.

Kumburin meninges (masu kiyaye kwakwalwa da lakar baya, ma'ana, suna hana kwakwalwa da layin baya daga kwayoyin cuta ko wani rauni) yana faruwa yayin da ruwan dake kewaye da yankin ya kamu da cutar ^[1] .

Wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da rashin aiki na meninges, tare da ruwan ciki wanda ke kare sifofin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya ^[biyu] .

Menene Ire-iren cutar sankarau?

Cutar sankarau ta faru ne sanadiyyar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ana rarraba nau'ikan cutar sankarau daidai gwargwado. Mafi yawan nau'ikan sankarau sune kwayar cuta da kuma kwayar cuta.

1. kwayar cutar sankarau

Mafi yawan nau'in sankarau, kwayar cutar sankarau tana da sauki kuma tana samun waraka da kanta. Kwayar cuta ce ke haddasa ta galibi a cikin nau'in Enterovirus, wanda yayi daidai da kashi 85 na cutar ^[3] .

maganin gida don sarrafa faduwar gashi

2. Ciwon sankarau na kwayan cuta

Irin wannan cutar sankarau tana yaduwa. Cutar sankarau da ke faruwa ta sanadiyyar wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin cuta kamar su Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus mura, Listeria monocytogenes da Staphylococcus aureus.

Idan ba a kula da shi ba, yanayin na iya zama na mutuwa. A cewar rahotanni, kashi 5 zuwa 40 na yara da kashi 20 zuwa 50 na manya da ke dauke da kwayar cutar na mutuwa ^[4] .

3. Ciwon sankarau na sankarau

Wani nau'in sankarau wanda ba safai ake samu ba, sankarau da ake samu saboda fungi kamar su Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Histoplasma da Coccidioides. Naman gwari yana cutar jiki kuma yana yaduwa zuwa hanyoyin jini, daga inda yake tafiya zuwa kwakwalwarka ko layin baya.

4. Ciwon sankarau na cutar sankarau

Abinda ke haifar da parasites wanda aka samu a datti, najasa, kayan abinci kamar danyen kifi, kayan gona da kaji, cututtukan sankarau na parasitic yana haifar da kwayoyi irin su Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Baylisascaris procyonis da

Gnathostoma spinigerum.

Kwayar cutar sankarau ba ta yaduwa kai tsaye, ma’ana, ba a yada shi daga mutum daya zuwa wani. Yana yaduwa ne lokacin da kwayoyin cutar suka harbawa wata dabba ko wani abu na abinci, wanda daga nan dan adam zai cinye shi ^[5] .

5. Cutar sankarau mara yaduwa

Cutar sankarau na iya haɓaka sakamakon dalilan da ba na kamuwa ba kuma wannan ya faɗi ƙarƙashin wannan rukunin.

Menene Dalilin Cutar Sankarau?

Kowane nau'in kamuwa da cuta yana da dalilai daban-daban tare da ƙwayoyin cuta sune mafi yawan sanadin. Wani sanannen sanadi shine cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da fungal ke faruwa da wuya ^{[6] [7]} .

Dalilin kamuwa da sankarau na kwayan cuta ya bambanta gwargwadon rukunin shekarun mutumin da ya kamu da cutar. A cikin yara da ba a haifa ba da jarirai da suka kai wata uku, abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar sune rukunin B streptococci. A cikin manyan yara, cutar neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) da Streptococcus pneumoniae ke haddasa ta. Ganin cewa a cikin manya, Neisseria meningitidis da Streptococcus pneumoniae ne ke haddasa shi.

Kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta ta West Nile, mura, mumps, HIV,

kyanda, cututtukan herpes da Coltivirus.

Abubuwa da yawa na iya haifar da sankarau na sankarau. Wasu daga cikin dalilan sune amfani da magungunan rigakafi, asarar rigakafi tare da shekaru da HIV / AIDS.

Parasitic meningitis yana haifar da kwayar cutar parasites kamar su Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Gnathostoma spinigerum da Schistosoma. Hakanan yanayin yana tasowa sakamakon yanayi kamar cysticercosis, toxocariasis, baylisascariasis da paragonimiasis.

Cutar sankarau mara saurin yaduwa ta samo asali ne sakamakon wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya ko jiyya kamar su lupus, raunin kai, tiyatar kwakwalwa, ciwon daji da wasu magunguna.

Menene Alamomin Cutar Sankarau?

Alamomin farko da suka haɗu da yanayin suna kama da na mura kuma suna ci gaba a fewan kwanaki. Alamomin cutar sankarau sun banbanta dangane da shekarun mutum da nau'in kamuwa da cutar da cutar sankarau da cutar sankarau na iya zama kama da farko ^[8] .

Kwayar cututtukan ƙwayar cutar sankarau a jarirai kamar haka:

• Rashin fushi
• Rashin ci
• Rashin nutsuwa
• Zazzaɓi
• Bacci

Alamomin gama gari da alamomin cutar sankarau ga manya sune kamar haka:

• Amai
• Zazzaɓi
• Bacci
• Wuya wuya
• Kamawa
• Sensiti zuwa haske mai haske
• Rage ci
• Rashin nutsuwa
• Ciwan mara
• Rashin fushi
• Rashin nutsuwa
• Ciwon kai
• Fata mai laushi mai kama da rauni
• Jin sanyi
• Haskakawa zuwa haske (photophobia)
• Rikicewa
• Rashin hankali

A cikin cutar sankarau, alamun suna kama da na fungal meningitis kuma mutum na iya haifar da rashes a jiki. Cutar sankarau na cutar sankarau zai sami rashes a jiki kuma alamun yanayin sun hada da taurin kai, alamar Brudzinski ad alamar Kernig akan gwajin jiki ^[9] .

nasihu masu kyau na gida don ruwan hoda lebe

Menene Hanyoyin Haɗarin Cutar sankarau?

Abubuwan da ke tattare da cutar sankarau sun hada da wadannan ^[10] :

• Matasa
• Ciki
• Tsarin rauni ko rauni
• Rayuwa a cikin yanayin al'umma
• Guje wa allurar rigakafi

Menene Matsalolin Cutar Sankarau?

Kowane yanayin kiwon lafiya yana iya fuskantar rikice-rikice masu rikitarwa kuma rikitarwa na sankarau suna da ƙarfi kuma suna iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta da lalacewar jijiyoyin mutum idan ba a kula da shi ba ^{[goma sha]} .

Rikitarwa na sankarau sune kamar haka:

• Rashin koda
• Shock
• Rashin ilimi
• Rashin ji
• Matsalar ƙwaƙwalwa
• Amosanin gabbai
• Lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Matsalar Gait
• Hydrocephalus
• Mutuwa

Yaya Ake Gano Cutar Sankarau?

Likitan zai gudanar da bincike ne ta hanyar gwajin jiki, gwaje-gwajen bincike da tarihin lafiyar mutum. Likitan zai duba cutar a kusa da kai, kunne, maƙogwaro da fata tare da kashin baya ^[12] . Mafi muhimmanci bincike / gwaji a sankarau shine LP (lumbar huda).

Binciken cutar zai hada da gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• Kayan aikin kwamfuta (CT)
• Hanyoyin fuska ta maganadisu (MRI)
• Al'adun jini
• Kirjin X-ray

Yaya Ake Magance Cutar Sankarau?

Kulawar likitanci ga yanayin ya dogara da nau'in cutar sankarau.

Cutar sankarau ta kwayan cuta na bukatar magani kai tsaye tare da maganin rigakafi na intravenous da corticosteroids. Maganin kwayar cutar sankarau ya hada da hutun kwanciya, shan ruwa da magunguna masu ciwo. Ana amfani da magungunan antifungal don magance fungal meningitis ^[13] .

A sauran nau'ikan cututtukan sankarau, likitoci sun ba da umarnin maganin cutar ta kanjamau da na rigakafi. Ba a kamuwa da cutar sankarau da corticosteroids. A wasu lokuta na cutar sankarau, ba a bukatar magani yayin da yanayin ke samun sauki da kansa.

Menene Hanyoyin Yin Rigakafin Cutar Sankarau?

Kamar yadda cutar ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun, yana iya yaduwa ta hanyar tari, sumba, ta hanyar raba kayan abinci da dai sauransu. ^[14] .

• Wanke hannuwanka
• Kasance cikin koshin lafiya (samun hutu, motsa jiki a koda yaushe, cin abinci mai kyau)
• Yi aiki da tsafta
• Rufe bakinka yayin tari ko atishawa
• Mata masu juna biyu ya kamata su mai da hankali da yanayin cin abinci

Baya ga wadannan, ana iya yin rigakafin cutar sankarau ta hanyar shan rigakafin.

Tambayoyin da Akafi Yi

Q. Menene alamomin farko na cutar sankarau?

Shekaru : Zazzabi, amai, ciwon kai, ciwon gabobi, fatar jiki, da hannaye da ƙafafu masu sanyi sune alamomin farko na kamuwa da cutar sankarau.

Tambaya: Shin mutum zai iya tsira daga sankarau?

Shekaru : Idan ba a kula da cutar sankarau ba na iya zama m. Amma, kulawar likita akan lokaci da sa baki na iya taimaka wa mutum ya tsira da yanayin.

Q. Ta yaya saurin cutar sankarau zai iya kashe ka?

Shekaru : Cutar sankarau na iya kashe cikin awanni 4.

Q. Menene ciwon ciwon sankarau yake ji?

Shekaru : Ba kamar ciwon kai na yau da kullun ba, mutum yakan kamu, ciwon kai na sankarau yana shafar dukkan kai kuma ba a keɓance shi a wani yanki na musamman.

1. [1]Khan, F. Y., Yousef, H., & Elzouki, A. N. (2017). Rhabdomyolysis da rashin saurin koda wanda ke haɗuwa da cutar sankarau na pneumococcal: Rahoton harka da nazarin adabi. Jaridar Libiya ta Kimiyyar Likita, 1 (1), 18.
2. [biyu]Cooper, L. V., Kristiansen, P. A., Christensen, H., Karachaliou, A., & Trotter, C. L. (2019). Motar cutar sankarau ta hanyar tsufa a cikin belin sankarau na Afirka: nazari na yau da kullun da zane-zane. Epidemiology & Kamuwa da cuta, 147.
3. [3]van Samkar, A., Brouwer, M. C., Schultsz, C., van der Ende, A., & van de Beek, D. (2015). Streptococcus suis meningitis: nazari na yau da kullun da meta-bincike. PLoS ya yi watsi da cututtukan wurare masu zafi, 9 (10), e0004191.
4. [4]Hussein, K., Bitterman, R., Shofty, B., Paul, M., & Neuberger, A. (2017). Gudanar da cutar sankarau bayan cututtukan baya: nazari mai ba da labari. Clinical Microbiology da Kamuwa da cuta, 23 (9), 621-628.
5. [5]Ogrodzki, P., & Forsythe, S. (2015). Bayanin kamfani na yanayin halittar Cronobacter da haɗuwa da takamaiman Cronobacter sakazakii da C. malonaticus capsule nau'ikan da sabon haihuwa meningitis da necrotizing enterocolitis. Kwayar halittar BMC, 16 (1), 758.
6. [6]Sinha, M. K., Prasad, M., Haque, S. S., Agrawal, R., & Singh, A. (2016). Matsayin Clinical na Lactate Dehydrogenase Aiki a Cerebrospinal Ruwa tare da Shekaru da Rarraba Jima'i a Daban-daban Na Cutar Sankarau. MOJ Immunol, 4 (5), 00142.
7. [7]Kakarlapudi, S. R., Chacko, A., Samuel, P., Verghese, V. P., & Rose, W. (2018). Kwatanta maganin cutar sankarau tare da cutar sankarau da cutar sankarau. Ilimin likitan yara na Indiya, 55 (1), 35-37.
8. [8]Lv, S., Zhou, X. N., & Andrews, J. R. (2017). Cutar sankarau ta Eosinophilic da Angiostrongylus cantonensis ya haifar.
9. [9]Heemskerk, A. D., Bang, N. D., Mai, N. T., Chau, T. T., Phu, N. H., Loc, P. P., ... & Lan, N. H. (2016). Ingantaccen maganin cutar tarin fuka a cikin manya mai fama da cutar sankarau. New England Journal of Medicine, 374 (2), 124-134.
10. [10]Wilkinson, R.J, Rohlwink, U., Misra, U. K., Van Crevel, R., Mai, N. H., Dooley, K. E., ... & Thwaites, G. E. (2017). Cutar sankarau ta tarin fuka. Yanayin Bayanan Halitta Neurology, 13 (10), 581.
11. [goma sha]Masassaƙi, R. R., & Petersdorf, R. G. (1962). Yanayin asibiti na cutar sankarau. Jaridar likitancin Amurka, 33 (2), 262-275.
12. [12]Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. (2015). Epidemiology da rigakafin cututtukan rigakafin rigakafi. Gidauniyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Washington DC, 2, 20-2.
13. [13]Mount, H. R., & Boyle, S. D. (2017). Aseptic da kwayoyin cutar sankarau: kimantawa, magani, da rigakafin. Likita Am Fam, 96 (5), 314-322.
14. [14]Rajasingham, R., Smith, R. M., Park, B. J., Jarvis, J. N., Govender, N. P., Chiller, T. M., ... & Boulware, D. R. (2017). Nauyin duniya game da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na kwayar cutar HIV: an sabunta bincike. Kwayoyin cututtukan Lancet, 17 (8), 873-881.

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